China’s Heilongjiang province has launched a feasibility study for a railway connecting Heihe with Blagoveshchensk across the Amur River. If built, it would become the fifth cross-border rail link between China and Russia and connect northeastern China more directly with Russia’s Trans-Siberian network.

The route currently depends on a toll road bridge and river transport, whose capacity falls during harsh winter months. A rail crossing would add year-round freight capacity, reduce pressure on road-and-water transport, lower logistics costs and support trade with Russia’s Far East. The exact route, stations and funding have yet to be determined.

The project comes as bilateral trade expands rapidly. China–Russia trade rose 25.6% year on year to $134.1B in the first half of 2026. Russian energy and raw materials give China an additional buffer against disruptions in the Middle East, while Chinese cars, electronics and industrial goods have taken a growing share of the Russian market.

Infrastructure remains one of the main constraints. China and Russia use different railway gauges, forcing cargo to be reloaded or train wheelsets to be changed at the border. Officials are now discussing new crossings, closer network coordination and ways to reduce the delays caused by incompatible rail systems. A separate planned line between Zabaykalsk and Manzhouli may use international standard gauge.

The Heihe–Blagoveshchensk railway would not remove every bottleneck on its own. But each new bridge and rail crossing adds capacity, creates alternative routes and makes bilateral trade harder to disrupt. China and Russia are turning their political alignment into permanent transport infrastructure.